Personal pronouns are essential in French to indicate who is performing the action of the verb. They vary according to number (singular or plural), person (first, second, or third), and grammatical role (subject, direct object, or indirect object).
Subject personal pronouns
Subject personal pronouns indicate who is carrying out the action of the verb.
- Je (first person singular): Je parle (I speak).
- Tu (second person singular): Tu manges (You eat).
- Il/Elle (third person singular): Il va (He goes), Elle vient (She comes).
- Nous (first person plural): Nous chantons (We sing).
- Vous (second person plural or polite form): Vous parlez (You speak/You are speaking).
- Ils/Elles (third person plural): Ils écoutent (They listen), Elles dansent (They dance).
Usage in the present indicative
In the present indicative, subject personal pronouns are used to express habitual actions, general truths, states, descriptions, or actions that are happening as we speak.
- Je regarde la télévision (I am watching television).
- Tu joues au football tous les samedis (You play soccer every Saturday).
- Il aime lire des romans (He likes to read novels).
- Nous apprenons le français (We are learning French).
- Vous travaillez ensemble sur ce projet (You are working together on this project).
- Ils étudient souvent à la bibliothèque (They often study at the library).
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