These prepositions allow you to express the manner in which an action is performed.
De Manière + Adjectif (In a ... Manner)
"De manière" is often followed by an adjective and serves to specify how an action is carried out, in terms of quality or method.
- Elle explique les choses de manière claire. (She explains things clearly.)
- Ils ont agi de manière professionnelle. (They acted professionally.)
- Le texte est rédigé de manière concise. (The text is written concisely.)
De Façon + Adjectif (In a ... Way)
Similar to "de manière," "de façon" is followed by an adjective to express the quality or method of the action.
- Il parle de façon intelligible. (He speaks intelligibly.)
- Elle a résolu le problème de façon créative. (She solved the problem creatively.)
- La décision a été prise de façon rapide. (The decision was made quickly.)
Par (By)
"Par" indicates the process or means by which an action is accomplished.
- La pièce est éclairée par des bougies. (The room is lit by candles.)
- La communication est facilitée par l'utilisation d'internet. (Communication is facilitated by the use of the internet.)
- Les fruits sont conservés frais par réfrigération. (The fruits are kept fresh by refrigeration.)